气合 ——————转载

Kiai 気合 is a term used in a lot of Japanese martial arts. Ki is a difficult word to translate but it can mean both energy and also spirit. Ai means meeting or harmony. In kendo we usually think of kiai as being something to do with the voice, but that is not strictly what it means. Kiai is a form of communication with your opponent, letting them know your intention to give everything to the match. It is possible for kiai to be completely without sound.

气合是日本武术中常见的术语。气不是很好翻译，意味它既可以翻译成气力，也可以表示精气神。合表示符合或者和谐一致。在剑道里，通常吧气合和发声联系在一起。但是严格意义上这不是它的全部。气合是一种与对手交流的方式，使他们知道你已集中精神来较量了。完全无声的气合也是有的。

The AJKF Kendo Dictionary defines kiai as:"The state where one is fully focused on the opponent's move (sic) and one's planned moves. Also refers to vocalisations one produces when in such a state of mind."

全日本剑道联盟的剑道词典里是这样定义气合的：“是一种全神贯注于对手的动和欲动的状态，也指人处此状态下所做出的发声。”

So we do use our voice to express kiai but kiai is not just the voice. In Japanese the shout itself is called kakegoe 掛声. The voice is how we begin to understand kiai, using our shout very carefully and deliberately to show our intention. This is why we say ki-ken-tai-itchi is:

ki 気 (energy) = the shout

ken 剣 (sword) = the cut

tai 体 (body) = the right foot

itchi 一致 (as one) = happening together

由此我们也的确用发声来体现我们的气合。但是气合不止于此。在日语里，喊叫本身被称为掛声。声是表现我们如何理解气合的—用我们的吼声，非常小心审慎地来表现我们的意图。这就是我们要说气剑体一致的原因：

气（气力）=喊叫，

剑=砍切，

体=正确的步伐，

一致=各种气合的同时发动。

Different kinds of kiai

There are different kinds of voiced kiai in kendo. They include: kiaithat tests your opponent kiaithat creates an opportunity kiaithat expresses your intention to cut

剑道里有很多种有发声的气合，它们是：用来试探对手气合的气合，用来寻觅战机的气合，用来表达砍切决心的气合

Kiaithat tests your opponent This is the kiai that you produce as soon as you stand up from sonkyo when in a match or keiko. It announces your resolve, your courage. In a sense it asks a question of your opponent: "Are you ready? Because I am!"

试探对手气合的气合：这种气合，在比赛或者籍古中，你已从“松鞘”状态起身（摆构）就要发出。它反映了你的勇气，决心，也是一种姿态，好像在问对手：“我准备好了，你呢？”

This kind of kiai is also used throughout the match as the two kenshi vie for supremacy from the distance of to-ma.

当两位剑士在争夺to-ma距离上（是中线争夺吗？）的控制权时，这种气合将贯穿始终。

There are no set words or sounds for this kind of kiai. Everyone eventually develops their own sound with their own "words" (which of course aren't words at all). Often one's kiai will change over time, even after it has reached 'maturity'.

这种气合所发出的词或者音调是随意的。每个人完全可以用他自己的调喊出他自己的“词” （这些可能根本就不是什么词），每个人的气合不时会变，即使达到了所谓的“成熟”阶段

Kiaithat creates an opportunity The previous kiai can easily lead to this kind of kiai. There is an old school of naginata that has a specific word for this kind of voiced kiai, and that is yagoe 矢声, or "arrow-voice". It means sending your voice out like a weapon that strikes your opponent even before your attack does

寻觅战机的气合 这种气合很容易从前一种气合转换而来。旧时的教naginata的学校有一种专门的叫法来命名这种气合，叫矢声。它的意思是在你切实的攻击发动前，先用你的声音像武器一样打击对手。

This kind of focused kiai is not an easy technique to achieve each and every time, but we could say it comes from a very powerful intention to overcome one's opponent. Usually the opportunity that such a kiai gives us to attack is extremely small, especially with experienced opponents, so there is no time to sit back and watch for their reaction. You step in with your body and your spirit, confident that you will overcome them, and then you attack with confidence immediately.

要发出或每次都发出这种有力的气合并不容易。它来自一种很强的要压制住对手的企图心。通常因为这种气合而制造出让我们可以去攻击的机会不是很大，特别是对阵老手。没有时间去站定观察对手的反应。要以你的身体，饱满精神，充沛自信探入，这样你才会压倒他们，猛地奋力一击。

Kiaithat expresses your intention to cut This is the kiai that happens when you cut. It must be in unison with your cut and your body movement. It is either "MEN!", KOTE!", "DO!" or "TSUKI!"

表达你横心一击的气合 这种气合发声在你斩击时，它必须与你的身体移动，斩击动作相一致。你只能（对应地）喊“men”“kote”‘do’‘tsuki’

In the beginning it can sometimes be difficult for shinpan (referees) to detect an inexperienced person's intention through their attitude, especially since kyu grade matches can become very messy. So it is necessary for the kiai of junior kenshi to be very clear as well. As they become more experienced it is easier to tell what their intended target was and whether they have achieved their aim, so this is when the actual sound of "men", "kote", etc, becomes a little blurry. It is not so necessary for a senior kenshi to pronounce the words properly, or even at all, for the shinpan to know when they have scored correctly.

起初裁判很难体会到一个缺乏经验者通过他们的态度所表现出的决心。特别是混乱的kyu级别的比赛。因此初级剑士的气合必须十分清晰。而当变得有经验后，他们将更容易表现出他们的所关注的目标，以及他们是否达成了目的（命中对手）。这时实际所发出的气合，如“men”“kote”等反而会含糊些。高级剑士已不那么需要甚至是根本不用一板一眼地吐字了。因为裁判可以感知到他们是否得手无误。

However even if your kiai is not clear in terms of what it sounds like, I believe it should still be loud, it should be long and it should start at the moment of cutting, not after or before. Lately there has been a fashion for Japanese kenshi of university level (sometimes as high as police level) to produce their kiai quite a moment after their cut has been made. Personally I believe this is a kind of affectation and should not be imitated.

无论如何，即使你的气合没有发清它原本的音。我坚信你应该大声地，长时间的，始于出手攻击那一瞬地，不早不晚地，喊出来。进来在日本大学级的剑士（有时是更高级的警察级）流行在他们的斩击完成后做气合，我个人认为这时造作地装模作样。别去模仿！

What is a good sound to make? Apart from the names of the datotsubui (target areas), the best kiai sound I believe is "Yaaa!" With experience you will find a sound that fits, not your personality, but your body. But you will come up with it naturally. In the meantime, "Yaaa!" is a very good start. It is simple. It prepares your body for action. It can be projected easily and forcefully. And it doesn't mean anything embarrassing in any language that I know of!

如何发好声音 撇开它的专称不谈，我认为最好的气合声是“呀”。等你有了经验了，你会发现一种不是合你喜好而是合你自身的发声，自然而然的。现在用“呀”作为开始也不错。它简单，它让你的身体准备好去行动。它发起来轻松而有力。而且就我所知的语言中，它没有任何侮辱性的意思。

--------------感谢某剑友翻译

伊保清次

剑道要求轰轰烈烈的气魄，因而讲究发声和气势。使少年们养成发声习惯是很重要的，由丹田用力大声练习是天天不可少或缺的。道场上也教导他们吟诗歌咏，也有情操教育的功效，真是一石二鸟之策。

松元敏夫

打击时的发声是，架式时的口细开，由腹一气出声，要短而强发出，马上闭口，舒~~地由鼻补足气息，才能准备再来的动作。

稻富政博

比赛前告诉自己【松肩】，【发声】，养成这种习惯。

管原惠三郎

喊声，尢其是要攻击时发出的声，是为自己增加气力，扩大动作和击剑的势力，是一种对对方施予压力‧封杀对方气势，于制止对方的动作上最为有效，所以说是一种武器也不为过。从而喊声应要有力而由下腹部发出乃可，如由嘴唇发出，不但失去效果，反而会被对方轻视。又粗野且有损品格的发声也应严戒之。

古训说:【心不正声不清，气不满声即弱云云】。无浊清澈的声音是由严正之心而出，又说明由气力充实的状态才能发出有力的声音。希望能学得一套清澈大而有力能攫出对方肺腑尖锐的声音。 凝聚满身的毅力，在体内成火花瞬间称为气势。此气势迸发成声，称为发声。本来叫喊声，即不喊不能出声，初学者不能体会这种气势，故先从形而进入精神的做法，发出喊声就好。发声虽然出声，若不能因而将全身的活力凝聚成声则不行。因此施行中偶然真的气势的道理也会体会出来。反而失去效果，因此希望能做关键性的喊声。

马场钦司

剑道气势是很重要的。如同车子加油使引擎增加回转，人类宏大的发声可使心身充实做出预想不到非常漂亮的技法。说来简单，其实难做到。特别高龄后发出大声就是件苦差事。发出裂帛的气势相当耗费能量，即使年轻时持续练习，也会使体力衰落而疲累。对这种人以最大限度的气势做练习，连做六‧七次的小手--->面连击就会气喘不过来。不是含糊发声，而是【呀! 小手! 面! 】，由腹底出声这么辛苦而来。如果忽视此点就办不到了。一疲累，声音会变小，因为平常就要尽量大声发出，发声的临界点有必要再提高。